Comprehensive Analytical Investigation of Microporous Layer (MPL) Structural Modifications: Advancing Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) Performance Optimization and Durability

The current study provides a rigorous analytical study of the characteristic changes of the microporous layers in PEMFCs for changing and enhancing their efficiency and life expectancy. This work strictly investigates numerous electrochemical factors influencing the MPL architecture to perform the investigations on the influence of structural improvements on the properties of the MPL such as porosity or hydrophpatibility and electrical conductivity using state-of-art X-ray imaging and real-experiment comparison. Evidenced priorities highlight the centrality of updating MPL design for flood prevention, better reactant distribution and superior cell performance in various operational environments without exception with an emphasis on such advanced concepts as gradient porosity and surface modification for the highest PEMFC performance. In addition, this work offers prescriptive knowledge into the specificities of MPL modification for future industrial uses, identifying issues that define the feasibility and applicability of MPL modifications for industrial use. Therefore, this work successfully synthesises the major material science knowledge with real engineering foundation and sets the benchmark for further development of PEMFC technology in the global efforts to develop sustainable and highly efficiency energy systems as well as identifying innovative solutions to improve energy conversion efficiency and lifespan of next generation PEMFCs.